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WORLD WAR ONE NATALIE DANIEL, NOAH KOENIG, KAITLIN ADAM

[|WW1 Timeline]
[|Prominent Figures]

**Ferdinand Foch**- In charge of the French Northern Army **Sir John French**- Chief of staff for British Army, then became commander of chief of the British Expeditionary Force **Sir Douglas Haig**- Commander-in-chief for British **Joseph Joffre**- Commander of French Army **Robert Nivelle**- One of two French Commander-in-chief's **John J. Pershing**- Commander in Chief of American Expeditionary Force **Henri-Philippe Petain**-Commanded French troops for a few battles, Commander-in-chief of armed forces. Later arrested for treason **Paul von Hindenburg**-Chief of staff for Germany. Part of Third Command Supreme Court, later Germany's president
 * __ Prominent Figures __**

World War I lasted from 1914-1918. The allies, who were Great Britain, France, Russia, Belgium, Italy, Japan, and the US, defeated the axis side, who consisted of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey, and Bulgaria.

World war I was triggered by the assassination of Franz Ferdinand, but was not the main reason. One of the main reasons was imperialism. The British Empire extended over 5 continents, large parts being in Africa. There was also competition over owning seas between Britain and Germany. Another cause was nationalism between countries, which was countries supporting themselves and fighting for their rights. There was about 65 million troops. 22,850,000 troops were on the axis side, while 42,630,000 troops were on the allies side.

Major Battles Battle of Mons- August 1914. Allies victory 1st Battle of Marne- August 1914. Allies were winning when Axis escaped Battle of Ypres- October 1914. Germany surrendered Battle of Artois- September 1915. Germany (Axis) victory Battle of Verdun- attack decided December 1915, attack in February 1916. Germany was winning, then France won Battle of Jutland- May 1916. Germany victory Battle of Somme- February 1916- Allies continued attacking until they no longer gained anything from winning Battle of Arras- December 1916- Allies victory Battle of Messines- Explosion on May 1917, fighting on June 1917- Allies victory Battle of Passchendaele- June 1917- Allies won but at a heavy cost 2nd Battle of Marne- Summer 1918- Allies victory Final Years of World War 1- Allies kept winning battle until Germany finally surrendered





**Casualties of World War 1**

 * Country || Mobilized || Killed || Wounded || Total || Casualties ||
 * Africa || 55,000 || 10,000 || unknown || unknown || - ||
 * Australia || 330,000 || 59,000 || 152,000 || 211,000 || 64% ||
 * Austria-Hungary || 6,500,000 || 1,200,000 || 3,620,000 || 4,820,000 || 74% ||
 * Belgium || 207,000 || 13,000 || 44,000 || 57,000 || 28% ||
 * Bulgaria || 400,000 || 101,000 || 153,000 || 254,000 || 64% ||
 * Canada || 620,000 || 67,000 || 173,000 || 241,000 || 39% ||
 * The Caribbean || 21,000 || 1,000 || 3,000 || 4,000 || 19% ||
 * French Empire || 7,500,000 || 1,385,000 || 4,266,000 || 5,651,000 || 75% ||
 * Germany || 11,000,000 || 1,718,000 || 4,234,000 || 5,952,000 || 54% ||
 * Great Britain || 5,397,000 || 703,000 || 1,663,000 || 2,367,000 || 44% ||
 * Greece || 230,000 || 5,000 || 21,000 || 26,000 || 11% ||
 * India || 1,500,000 || 43,000 || 65,000 || 108,000 || 7% ||
 * Italy || 5,500,000 || 460,000 || 947,000 || 1,407,000 || 26% ||
 * Japan || 800,000 || 250 || 1,000 || 1,250 || 0.2% ||
 * Montenegro || 50,000 || 3,000 || 10,000 || 13,000 || 26% ||
 * New Zealand || 110,000 || 18,000 || 55,000 || 73,000 || 66% ||
 * Portugal || 100,000 || 7,000 || 15,000 || 22,000 || 22% ||
 * Romania || 750,000 || 200,000 || 120,000 || 320,000 || 43% ||
 * Russia || 12,000,000 || 1,700,000 || 4,950,000 || 6,650,000 || 55% ||
 * Serbia || 707,000 || 128,000 || 133,000 || 261,000 || 37% ||
 * South Africa || 149,000 || 7,000 || 12,000 || 19,000 || 13% ||
 * Turkey || 1,600,000 || 336,000 || 400,000 || 736,000 || 46% ||
 * USA || 4,272,500 || 117,000 || 204,000 || 321,000 || 8% ||

Important Events  Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand - 28th June 1914   *Austria-Hungary sends an Ultimatum to Serbia (country of the members of the "Black Hand" who assassinated the Archduke); they agree to 3 out of the 4 terms, but Austria-Hungary wanted all 4 so they declare war. · Great Britain declares war on Germany - 4th August 1914  · Lord Kitchener calls for 100,000 men to join British army - 7th August 1914 · First German aircraft shot down by allied plane - 5th October 1914 · Battle of Ypres - 15th October 1914 · Christmas Truce on the Western Front - 25th December 1914, (Germans and British played football)  · German gas attack at Ypres - 22nd April 1915 · Sinking of the Lusitania - 7th May, 1915 · First Zeppelin raid on London - 31st May 1915 · Germans attack at Verdun - 21st February 1916 · Battle of Jutland - 31st May 1916 · Start of the Battle of the Somme - 1st July 1916 · First use of the tanks, in the Battle of the Somme - 15th September 1916 · *Canadians take Vimy Ridge, February 1917 (VERY important if you take Canadian History because no other army was able to capture the ridge, and the Canadians were considered the underdogs at the time that they captured the ridge). · United States declares war on Germany - 6th April 1917 · United States troops arrive in France - 25th June 1917 · King George V changes his name to Windsor - 17th July 1917 · British attack at Passchendaele - 12th October 1917 · Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany abdicates - 9th November 1918 · Armistice - 11th November 1918 · Paris Peace Conference - 12th January 1919 · Treaty of Versailles signed - 28th June 1919.


 * **Allied Powers** || **Cost in Dollars in 1914-18** ||
 * United States || 22,625,253,000 ||
 * Great Britain || 35,334,012,000 ||
 * France || 24,265,583,000 ||
 * Russia || 22,293,950,000 ||
 * Italy || 12,413,998,000 ||
 * Belgium || <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">1,154,468,000 ||
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Romania || <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">1,600,000,000 ||
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Japan || <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">40,000,000 ||
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Serbia || <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">399,400,000 ||
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Greece || <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">270,000,000 ||
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Canada || <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">1,665,576,000 ||
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Australia || <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">1,423,208,000 ||
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">New Zealand || <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">378,750,000 ||
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">India || <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">601,279,000 ||
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">South Africa || <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">300,000,000 ||
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">British Colonies || <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">125,000,000 ||
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Others || <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">500,000,000 ||
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**Total of all Costs** || <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**125,690,477,000** ||
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**Central Powers** || <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**Cost in Dollars in 1914-18** ||
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Germany || <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">37,775,000,000 ||
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Austria-Hungary || <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">20,622,960,000 ||
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Turkey || <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">1,430,000,000 ||
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Bulgaria || <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">815,200,000 ||
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**Total of all Costs** || <span style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**60,643,160,000** ||

Resolution British naval blockade starved Germany, and they could no longer fight. Germany surrendered on November 11, then all nations agreed to stop fighting. All Allied nations signed the Treaty of Versailles, formally ending the war.